We are born with a natural ability to run. I’m sure that everyone reading this blog remembers running and playing games around the house and neighborhood with siblings and friends. In fact many of our childhood games were centered on running and just about every sport we participated in involved running. I often chuckle when a new client comes to me and says they can’t run, yet at sometime in their life they played tennis, softball or any sport that involved short periods of running. What the majority of these people are actually saying is they never ran for endurance or distance, because it just seems so boring, painful and unnatural.
As a coach the first thing I do with every new client is join them on a very easy run. I do this so I can get a feel for the person and observe their form and technique. Based on these observations I can begin the process of tweaking their running form to make running easier and more efficient. Again, because we are all different some will make these adjustments faster than others, but the results are always the same, easier running, faster times and fewer injuries.
It would be impossible to address all of the actions that are involved with running in this blog. So I am going to address the attributes that will have the greatest impact on you as a runner.
Tall and QuietThe first is posture and form. Although this may seem like a simple thing to change, I can’t tell you how many times I have to make small reminders to even some of my most experienced and successful clients. I often tell you in my training plans to run tall and quiet. This is the most important tip I can give you. For endurance runners keeping your head up, and back straight takes the weight off of your quads and significantly reduces the amount of pounding on your knees. Focus on pushing you knees forward with your lower leg swinging out in a pendulum type action. Not a high knee lift. This allows you to strike with a lot less force and cuts back on the braking action of each stride. Finally, relax your shoulders, arms, hands and even your face. Hunching up and bunching up will make your runs tighter and less fluid. Always focus on being relaxed.
Fast FeetThe next thing I address constantly in your training is having fast, light feet. Fast feet are accomplished by reducing your stride length and increasing the number of foot strikes per minute you use while running. You should be striving to reach 18 to 25 left foot strikes every 15 seconds. In the beginning you may feel like you are taking baby steps, but as you become more comfortable, you will feel how much more economical it is to understride than overstride. Long strides use more energy and cause more breaking action than shorter faster steps. Again, a high stride rate reduces the amount of force at impact and greatly reduces the risk of injury.
Light FeetWhen I tell you run with light feet I am talking about reducing the force, impact and amount of time your feet spend on the ground. For decades endurance runners ran with the notion it is best to strike the ground with the heel of your foot and roll forward before pushing off for your next stride. More recent research tells us that this causes two actions you want to avoid as a runner. The first is a stiff impact as your heel pushes into the ground, and the second is the longer length of time your foot is on the ground. Both reduce efficiency and speed.
However, if you land on your midfoot or forefoot, your foot will rebound almost instantaneously to initiate your next stride. This immediate energy return comes from the energy stored in your muscles as they are quickly stretched and then allowed to quickly release this energy. Therefore, landing farther forward on your foot improves your velocity with no effort on your part. In fact, research has provided that many world class runners take advantage of this action. One study showed that of the fastest runners 60 percent landed on their forefoot, 30 percent made contact at their midfoot and only 10 percent were heel strikers.
Keep in mind when you land on your heel, your foot must be well in front of your center of gravity. Whenever a support point is in front of your center of gravity your forward motion is slowed. Again, it’s like putting on the brakes with every step. Now you must increase your acceleration to counter the braking. This constant speeding up and slowing down uses a lot of energy therefore making you far less efficient and economical as a runner.
Lose Your BounceA huge energy waster is bouncing up and down with each step. That’s why converting your leg motion to the more horizontal pendulum swing from the vertical knee lift is so important. Fortunately increasing your foot turnover and reducing your stride length will naturally reduce your bounce.
Why is it important to bounce less? Here is a great example. In a 10K race if you are a 150 pound person and your center of gravity, (your hip, waist and pelvic region) bounces up and down 2 inches with every stride, you will have lifted the equivalent of 84 tons one foot high. However, if you reduce your bounce to one inch per step you cut your workload in half to 42 tons raised. That is a lot of saved energy.
Not only is energy saved by reducing your bouncing with a long stride, but your impact forces are greatly reduced over the course of the race. This of course reduces your risk of runner’s injury.
Drills
Strides
I love strides. Strides should be done year round in order to maintain good running form. They are also a great way to warm up before a race.
Do a good warm up. Next on a grass or a nice soft surface, run 20 – 30 seconds on a very slight decline concentrating on whatever running skill you need to improve the most (stride rate, reduced bouncing, light feet, good posture). Keep n mind these are not wind sprints. They are run a faster pace than your 5K pace but not all out. After each stride, recover by jogging or walking back to your starting point for about 90 seconds. You can repeat these for 5 – 10 reps during a workout.
Step Counting
A great drill to practice in the early phases of your training plan is step counting. In the beginning of your run count your left foot strikes for one minute. Then try to increase your foot strikes by practicing one of the skills talked about earlier in the chapter (landing more forward on your feet, reducing your stride length, etc.).
Hopping
Do this drill on a soft surface (a mat, your carpet etc.). Put the toes of your right foot on a step, a chair or any platform about 12 – 18 inches in height that won’t collapse. Get into your running position with your left knee slightly bent. Then very quickly lift your left foot toward your rear end and drop it to the floor. Don’t bounce! Focus on keeping your center of gravity as steady as possible. Change legs and do 3 sets of 10 on each leg. Increase this as you get stronger until eventually you can do 30 hops with each leg.
Jumping Rope
Jumping rope is as productive a drill for runners as it is for boxers. Your focus should be to keep the amount of bouncing you do with each jump to a minimum. Concentrate on raising and lowering your legs instead. This is a great drill for strengthening your feet and lower legs. Jumping rope is also an excellent warm up exercise before lifting weights.
SkippingJust like when you were a kid. This is a great drill for practicing foot lift and minimal foot to ground contact. Do these drills before your track workout after you are warmed up. Do three to eight sets 20 – 30 seconds in length with 2 -3 minutes of jogging between.
Remember doing drills equals better skills
Be Healthy, Train Smart, Have Fun
Jeff
coach@prsfit.com